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E5frog at 12:18, 14 August 2007

2007-08-14T12:18:39Z

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The '''blit''' subroutine reads a two-color (1 bit per pixel) block of graphics data from ROM and displays it on the screen, using several parameters. It works much in the same way as the drawchar routine except for arbitrarily sized data. The code was originally taken from [[Disassembly:Videocart_26|Videocart 26]] and adapted to be more flexible and reusable.

The routine is separated into two parts, '''blitGraphic''' and '''blit'''. '''blit''' takes parameters in registers r1-r6, and retrieves graphics data from the location DC0 points to. It can be called independently of '''blitGraphic'''. '''blitGraphic''' takes hard-coded parameters from ROM at the address pointed at by DC0 and then calls the '''blit''' routine. When the parameters do not need to be dynamic, storing the parameters in ROM and calling the '''blitGraphic''' routine directly can be more efficient than writing them to the registers and calling '''blit'''.

<pre>
;===========;
; Blit Code ;
;===========;

;--------------;
; Blit Graphic ;
;--------------;

; takes graphic parameters from ROM, stores them in r1-r6,
; changes the DC and calls the blit function with the parameters
;
; modifies: r1-r6, Q, DC

blitGraphic:
; load six bytes from the parameters into r0-r5
lisu 0
lisl 1
.blitGraphicGetParms:
lm
lr I, A ; store byte and increase ISAR
br7 .blitGraphicGetParms ; not finished with the registers, loop

; load the graphics address
lm
lr Qu, A ; into Q
lm
lr Ql, A
lr DC, Q ; load it into the DC

; call the blit function
jmp blit

;---------------;
; Blit Function ;
;---------------;

; this function blits a graphic based on parameters set in r1-r6,
; and the graphic data pointed to by DC0, onto the screen
; originally from cart 26, modified and annotated
;
; modifies: r1-r9, DC

; register reference:
; -------------------
; r1 = color 1 (off)
; r2 = color 2 (on)
; r3 = x position
; r4 = y position
; r5 = width
; r6 = height (and vertical counter)
;
; r7 = horizontal counter
; r8 = graphics byte
; r9 = bit counter
;
; DC = pointer to graphics

blit:
; fix the x coordinate
lis 4
as 3
lr 3, A
; fix the y coordinate
lis 4
as 4
lr 4, A

lis 1
lr 9, A ; load #1 into r9 so it'll be reset when we start
lr A, 4 ; load the y offset
com ; invert it
.blitRow:
outs 5 ; load accumulator into port 5 (row)

; check vertical counter
ds 6 ; decrease r6 (vertical counter)
bnc .blitExit ; if it rolls over exit

; load the width into the horizontal counter
lr A, 5
lr 7, A

lr A, 3 ; load the x position
com ; complement it
.blitColumn:
outs 4 ; use the accumulator as our initial column
; check to see if this byte is finished
ds 9 ; decrease r9 (bit counter)
bnz .blitDrawBit ; if we aren't done with this byte, branch

.blitGetByte:
; get the next graphics byte and set related registers
lis 8
lr 9, A ; load #8 into r9 (bit counter)
lm
lr 8, A ; load a graphics byte into r8

.blitDrawBit:
; shift graphics byte
lr A, 8 ; load r8 (graphics byte)
as 8 ; shift left one (with carry)
lr 8, A ; save it

; check color to use
lr A, 2 ; load color 1
bc .blitSavePixel ; if this bit is on, draw the color
lr A, 1 ; load color 2
.blitSavePixel:
inc
bc .blitCheckColumn ; branch if the color is "clear"
outs 1 ; output A in p1 (color)

.blitTransferData:
; transfer the pixel data
li $60
outs 0
li $c0
outs 0
; and delay a little bit
.blitSavePixelDelay:
ai $60 ; add 96
bnz .blitSavePixelDelay ; loop if not 0 (small delay)

.blitCheckColumn:
ds 7 ; decrease r7 (horizontal counter)
bz .blitCheckRow ; if it's 0, branch

ins 4 ; get p4 (column)
ai $ff ; add 1 (complemented)
br .blitColumn ; branch

.blitCheckRow:
ins 5 ; get p5 (row)
ai $ff ; add 1 (complemented)
br .blitRow ; branch

.blitExit:
; return from the subroutine
pop
</pre>

<em>Note: the adjustment of x and y in '''blit''' are to allow the coodinates 0, 0 to access the upper left pixel </em>visible to the screen<em>, not to VRAM, which expands four pixels above and to the left of that pixel.</em>

To call the above functions, you should use:

<pre>
dci graphic.parameters ; address of parameters
pi blitGraphic
</pre>

for '''blitGraphic''', and:

<pre>
; parameters have been loaded into r1-r6 beforehand
dci graphic.data ; address of graphic data
pi blit
</pre>

for '''blit'''. If you're using parameters stored in ROM, they should be in this order:

<pre>
graphic.parameters:
.byte bkg ; color 1
.byte blue ; color 2
.byte 4 ; x position
.byte 18 ; y position
.byte $60 ; width
.byte $13 ; height
.word graphic.data ; address for the graphics
</pre>

== See Also ==
* [[Snippet:Multiblit|Multiblit Subroutine]]

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 Code works with the '''DASM''' compiler.
 <pre>
 ;===========;

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 Note that coordinate (0,0) is usually outside the visible emulation area, in MESS/MESSUI/MAME visible area starts at (4,4).
-Code works with the DASM compilator.
+Code works with the '''DASM''' compiler.
 <pre>
 ;===========;

@@ Line 65: / Line 65: @@
+;
 ; DC = pointer to graphics
 blit:

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The '''blit''' subroutine reads a two-color (1 bit per pixel) block of graphics data from ROM and displays it on the screen, using several parameters. It works much in the same way as the drawchar routine except for arbitrarily sized data. The code was originally taken from [[Disassembly:Videocart_26|Videocart 26]] and adapted to be more flexible and reusable.
+The '''blit''' subroutine reads a two-color (1 bit per pixel) block of graphics data from ROM and displays it on the screen, using several parameters. It works much in the same way as the BIOS drawchar routine except for arbitrarily sized data. The code was originally taken from [[Disassembly:Videocart_26|Videocart 26]] and adapted to be more flexible and reusable.
 The routine is separated into two parts, '''blitGraphic''' and '''blit'''. '''blit''' takes parameters in registers r1-r6, and retrieves graphics data from the location DC0 points to. It can be called independently of '''blitGraphic'''. '''blitGraphic''' takes hard-coded parameters from ROM at the address pointed at by DC0 and then calls the '''blit''' routine. When the parameters do not need to be dynamic, storing the parameters in ROM and calling the '''blitGraphic''' routine directly can be more efficient than writing them to the registers and calling '''blit'''.
 <pre>
 ;===========;
@@ Line 28: / Line 31: @@
 	; load the graphics address
 	lm
-	lr	Qu, A						; into Q
+	lr	QU, A						; storea data address in Q, one byte at the time
 	lm
-	lr	Ql, A
+	lr	QL, A
-	lr	DC, Q						; load it into the DC
+	lr	DC, Q						; copy Q into DC0
-	; call the blit function
+	; continue with the blit function
 ;---------------;
@@ Line 48: / Line 50: @@
 ; register reference:
 ; -------------------
-; r1 = color 1 (off)
+; r1 = color 0 (off) (alias: clear/bkg/blue/red/green)
-; r2 = color 2 (on)
+; r2 = color 1 (on)  (alias: clear/bkg/blue/red/green)
 ; r3 = x position
 ; r4 = y position
@@ Line 62: / Line 64: @@
 blit:
 	lis	1
 	lr	9, A						; load #1 into r9 so it'll be reset when we start
@@ Line 116: / Line 109: @@
 	outs	1						; output A in p1 (color)
-.blitTransferData:
+blit.transferData:
-	; transfer the pixel data
+	lis	6						; transfer the pixel data
-	li	$60
+	sl	4
 	outs	0
-	li	$c0
+	sl	1
 	outs	0
-	; and delay a little bit
-.blitSavePixelDelay:
+	lis	4
-	ai	$60						; add 96
+blit.savePixelDelay:
-	bnz	.blitSavePixelDelay				; loop if not 0 (small delay)
+	ai	$ff
 .blitCheckColumn:
@@ Line 143: / Line 138: @@
 	; return from the subroutine
 	pop
 </pre>
 To call the above functions, you should use:
@@ Line 154: / Line 149: @@
 </pre>
-for '''blitGraphic''', and:
+for '''blitGraphic''', and
 <pre>
-	; parameters have been loaded into r1-r6 beforehand
+	; when parameters have been loaded into r1-r6 beforehand
 	dci	graphic.data		; address of graphic data
 	pi	blit
@@ Line 166: / Line 161: @@
 <pre>
 graphic.parameters:
-	.byte	bkg			; color 1
+	.byte	bkg			; color 0
-	.byte	blue			; color 2
+	.byte	blue			; color 1
 	.byte	4			; x position
 	.byte	18			; y position

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