Opcode
From veswiki
An opcode is an instruction for the F8 to follow. Programs are made up of opcodes, which instruct the F8 to do something, such as load a register with a value, perform aritmetic on a register, jump to another part of the program, or input or output data to the ports. Opcodes are each one byte wide, though some may be followed by an address or a value for the opcode to use.
Contents
Opcode Reference
In the information for each opcode, the following notations are used:
| Opcode Notations | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Accumulator | ||||||||
| Ri | Scratchpad register i (r0-r11) | ||||||||
| P0 | Program counter | ||||||||
| P | Program counter Stack | ||||||||
| DC0 | Data counter | ||||||||
| DC1 | Alternate data counter | ||||||||
| W | Status register | ||||||||
| ISAR | Indirect Scratchpad Address Register | ||||||||
| r | Scratchpad addressing as:
| ||||||||
| t | 3-bit constant | ||||||||
| i | 4-bit constant | ||||||||
| n | 8-bit constant | ||||||||
| nn | 16-bit constant | ||||||||
| ( ) | Contents of memory (e.g., (DC)) | ||||||||
| x | Binary value placeholder | ||||||||
| Status Flag Notations | |||||||||
| O | Overflow Flag | ||||||||
| Z | Zero Flag | ||||||||
| C | Carry Flag | ||||||||
| S | Sign Flag | ||||||||
| 0 | Resets status flag | ||||||||
| 1 | Sets status flag | ||||||||
| X | Modifies status flag | ||||||||
| Mneumonic | Length | Cycles | Description | Opcode | Status Flags | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Binary | Hex | O | Z | C | S | ||||||
8-bit Transfers | |||||||||||
| LR A, r | 1 | 1 | A = r | %0100xxxx | $4x | ||||||
| LR A, Ku | 1 | 1 | A = R12 | %00000000 | $00 | ||||||
| LR A, Kl | 1 | 1 | A = R13 | %00000001 | $01 | ||||||
| LR A, Qu | 1 | 1 | A = R14 | %00000010 | $02 | ||||||
| LR A, Ql | 1 | 1 | A = R15 | %00000011 | $03 | ||||||
| LR r, A | 1 | 1 | r = A | %0101xxxx | $5x | ||||||
| LR Ku, A | 1 | 1 | R12 = A | %00000100 | $04 | ||||||
| LR Kl, A | 1 | 1 | R13 = A | %00000101 | $05 | ||||||
| LR Qu, A | 1 | 1 | R14 = A | %00000110 | $06 | ||||||
| LR Ql, A | 1 | 1 | R15 = A | %00000111 | $07 | ||||||
| LM | 1 | 2.5 | A = (DC0), DC0 = DC0 + 1 | %00010110 | $16 | ||||||
| ST | 1 | 2.5 | (DC0) = A, DC0 = DC0 + 1 | %00010111 | $17 | ||||||
| LR A, IS | 1 | 1 | A = ISAR | %00001010 | $0A | ||||||
| LR IS, A | 1 | 1 | ISAR = A | %00001011 | $0B | ||||||
| LR J, W | 1 | 1 | R9 = W | %00011101 | $1D | ||||||
| LR W, J | 1 | 2 | W = R9 | %00011110 | $1E | ||||||
| LISU i | 1 | 1 | ISAR(upper) = i | %01100xxx | $6x | ||||||
| LISL i | 1 | 1 | ISAR(lower) = i | %01101xxx | $6x | ||||||
| LI n | 2 | 2.5 | A = n | %00100000 %xxxxxxxx | $20 $xx | ||||||
| LIS i | 1 | 1 | A = i | %0111xxxx | $7x | ||||||
| CLR | 1 | 1 | A = 0 | %01110000 | $70 | ||||||
| Mneumonic | Length | Cycles | Description | Opcode | Status Flags | ||||||
| Binary | Hex | O | Z | C | S | ||||||
16-bit Transfers | |||||||||||
| LR K, P | 1 | 4 | R12=P(upper), R13=P(lower) | %00001000 | $08 | ||||||
| LR H, DC | 1 | 4 | R10=DC0(upper), R11=DC0(lower) | %00010001 | $11 | ||||||
| LR Q, DC | 1 | 4 | R14=DC0(upper), R15=DC0(lower) | %00001110 | $0E | ||||||
| LR P, K | 1 | 4 | P(upper)=R12, P(lower)=R13 | %00001001 | $09 | ||||||
| LR DC, H | 1 | 4 | DC0(upper)=R10, DC0(lower)=R11 | %00010000 | $10 | ||||||
| LR DC, Q | 1 | 4 | DC0(upper)=R14, DC0(lower)=R15 | %00001111 | $0F | ||||||
| DCI nn | 3 | 6 | DC0=nn | %00101010 %xxxxxxxx %xxxxxxxx | $2A $xx $xx | ||||||
| XDC | 1 | 2 | DC0=DC1, DC1=DC0 | %00101100 | $2C | ||||||
| ADC | 1 | 2.5 | DC0=DC0+A | %10001110 | $8E | 0 | X | 1 | 0 | ||
8-bit Arithmetic | |||||||||||
| AS r | 1 | 1 | A = A + r | %1100xxxx | $Cx | X | X | X | X | ||
| AI n | 2 | 2.5 | A = A + n | %00100100 %xxxxxxxx | $24 $xx | X | X | X | X | ||
Jumps | |||||||||||
| BR n | 2 | 3.5 | P0 = P0 + 1 + n | %10010000 %xxxxxxxx | $90 $xx | ||||||
| BC n | 2 | 3 (no branch) 3.5 (branch) |
if CARRY: P0 = P0 + 1 + n | %10000010 %xxxxxxxx | $82 $xx | ||||||
| BNC n | 2 | 3 (no branch) 3.5 (branch) |
if NO CARRY: P0 = P0 + 1 + n | %10010010 %xxxxxxxx | $92 $xx | ||||||
| BP n | 2 | 3 (no branch) 3.5 (branch) |
if POSITIVE: P0 = P0 + 1 + n | %10000001 %xxxxxxxx | $81 $xx | ||||||
| BM n | 2 | 3 (no branch) 3.5 (branch) |
if NEGATIVE: P0 = P0 + 1 + n | %10010001 %xxxxxxxx | $91 $xx | ||||||
| BZ n | 2 | 3 (no branch) 3.5 (branch) |
if ZERO: P0 = P0 + 1 + n | %10000100 %xxxxxxxx | $84 $xx | ||||||
| BNZ n | 2 | 3 (no branch) 3.5 (branch) |
if NOT ZERO: P0 = P0 + 1 + n | %10010100 %xxxxxxxx | $94 $xx | ||||||
| BNO n | 2 | 3 (no branch) 3.5 (branch) |
if NO OVERFLOW: P0 = P0 + 1 + n | %10011000 %xxxxxxxx | $98 $xx | ||||||
| BT t, n | 2 | 3 (no branch) 3.5 (branch) |
AND bitmask t with W, if result = TRUE: P0 = P0 + 1 + n | %10000xxx %xxxxxxxx | $8x | ||||||
| BF i, n | 2 | 3 (no branch) 3.5 (branch) |
AND bitmask i with W, if result = FALSE: P0 = P0 + 1 + n | %1001xxxx %xxxxxxxx | $9x | ||||||
| BR7 n | 2 | 2 (no branch) 2.5 (branch) |
if ISAR(lower) != 7: P0 = P0 + 1 + n | %10001111 %xxxxxxxx | $8F $xx | ||||||
| JMP nn | 3 | 5.5 | P0 = nn, A is destroyed | %00101001 %xxxxxxxx %xxxxxxxx | $29 $xx $xx | ||||||
| LR P0, Q | 1 | 4 | P0(upper) = R14, P0(lower) = R15 | %00001101 | $0D | ||||||
| Mneumonic | Length | Cycles | Description | Opcode | Status Flags | ||||||
| Binary | Hex | O | Z | C | S | ||||||
Call/Return | |||||||||||
Shifts | |||||||||||
| SL 1 | 1 | 1 | Shift A left one bit, fill with %0 | %00010011 | $13 | 0 | X | 0 | X | ||
| SL 4 | 1 | 1 | Shift A left four bits, fill with %0000 | %00010101 | $15 | 0 | X | 0 | X | ||
| SR 1 | 1 | 1 | Shift A right one bit, fill with %0 | %00010010 | $12 | 0 | X | 0 | 1 | ||
| SR 4 | 1 | 1 | Shift A right four bits, fill with %0000 | %00010100 | $14 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Misc. | |||||||||||
| COM | 1 | 1 | A = [[complement] of A (inverse) | %00011000 | $18 | 0 | X | 0 | X | ||
| NOP | 1 | 1 | No operation (cycle waster) | %00101011 | $2B | ||||||
| EI | 1 | 1 | Enable interrupts in status register bit 4 | %00011011 | $1B | ||||||
| DI | 1 | 1 | Disable interrupts in status register bit 4 | %00011010 | $1A | ||||||
Input/Output | |||||||||||
| IN n | 2 | 4 | Input port n to A | %00100110 %xxxxxxxx | $26 $xx | ||||||
| INS i | 1 | 2 (i=0-1) 4 (i=4-7) |
Input port i to A | %1010xxxx | $Ax | ||||||
| OUT n | 2 | 4 | Output A to port n | %00100111 %xxxxxxxx | $27 $xx | ||||||
| OUTS i | 1 | 2 (i=0-1) 4 (i=4-7) |
Output A to port i | %1011xxxx | $Bx | ||||||
(rest of table to follow)
